Ruble surges in 2025: Russian currency emerges as top performer against US dollar; why it’s a headache for its war economy

The Russian currency Ruble emerged as the top-performing major currency against the US dollar this year, surging 45% since January. This unexpected strength caught Russian officials off guard and poses challenges for the country’s war-affected economy. The currency is now trading around 78 per dollar, similar to levels before Russia’s Ukraine invasion, as reported by Economic Times.The surge comes from several factors. Russians are buying less foreign currency due to international sanctions. High interest rates have also made ruble investments more attractive to locals. The central bank kept rates very high from October last year until June this year, before reducing them by 5 points to 16 per cent.This strong performance has exceeded government expectations, which predicted an average rate of 91.2 per dollar for the year. The ruble has stayed strong despite lower oil prices and new sanctions from the US and Europe. This strength is actually causing problems by reducing the value of export earnings when converted to rubles.The Bank of Russia has been supporting the currency by selling foreign currency, particularly yuan and gold, from the National Wellbeing Fund. This is helping offset declining energy revenues, with oil and gas income dropping 22% in the first 11 months of 2023.The ruble’s impressive performance puts it among the world’s top five performing assets this year, alongside precious metals like platinum, silver, palladium, and gold. Central Bank Governor Elvira Nabiullina sees this strength as helpful in fighting inflation, noting that its positive effects on prices haven’t yet peaked.